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- Armand_Spitz abstract "Armand Neustadter Spitz (July 7, 1904 – April 14, 1971) was a planetarium designer.Armand Spitz, the son of Louis Spitz and Rose (Neustadter), was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Cincinnati, without receiving a degree from either. In 1926 he began working as a journalist, and within two years purchased a newspaper in Haverford, Pennsylvania. This went bankrupt in 1934, and Spitz traveled to France, discovering an interest in astronomy on the voyage to Europe. On his return to the United States, he became a lecturer on astronomical topics at Haverford College. As a side effort he made a 1-foot-diameter (0.30 m) papier-mache model of the Moon, which is on display to this day at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.Spitz became a volunteer at the new Fels Planetarium in Philadelphia, doing publicity, but soon was allowed to do planetarium lectures. He also created a series of radio programs in which he covered scientific topics, with an emphasis on astronomy. His first book, The Pinpoint Planetarium, appeared in 1940. The first half of the book described the sky and legends attached to it. The last half of the book contained star charts to be punched out and held in front of lamps, projecting stars in their proper relationships onto a wall or other smooth clear surface.Concerned that the only planetariums then available were so expensive that few institutions could have them and few people would live near enough to visit, in 1947 Spitz completed design work on a very inexpensive planetarium model. The main problem, he discovered, was that creating a globe for stellar projection was very complex and expensive. Following a suggestion by Albert Einstein, Spitz used a dodecahedron as the "globe" equivalent for his star projector.Following a demonstration at an astronomical conference at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Spitz received considerable publicity, and began marketing his Model A planetarium for $500. These were sold to the various American military academies, small museums, schools, and even to King Farouk of Egypt.Within a few years, Spitz introduced the model A-1, which incorporated the Sun, Moon, and five naked eye planets, still using the dodecahedron shape for the star projector. Later a model A-2 came out, projecting more stars (the model A only gave stars brighter than magnitude 4.3). Just at the time that Sputnik caused the United States government to provide considerably enhanced funding for science education, Spitz produced his model A3P. This had a spherical star projector, and mechanized motions for the Sun, Moon and planets, and lunar phases. Well over a thousand of this model were ultimately sold, and in fact, when the Spitz company stopped making this model for a few years, had to bring it back due to continuing demand.Spitz had his company developing the Space Transit Planetarium, a model with additional motion capabilities and more stars, when he suffered the first of a series of strokes in 1967. He went into semi-retirement after this. Spitz died in Fairfax, Virginia.".
- Armand_Spitz birthDate "1904-07-07".
- Armand_Spitz birthYear "1904".
- Armand_Spitz deathDate "1971-04-14".
- Armand_Spitz deathYear "1971".
- Armand_Spitz thumbnail Spitz_Star_Projector.jpg?width=300.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageExternalLink ?page=a_abbatantuono1995.
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- Armand_Spitz wikiPageOutDegree "35".
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageRevisionID "659831984".
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Academy_of_Natural_Sciences.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Einstein.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Astronomy.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Category:1904_births.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Category:1971_deaths.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_inventors.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Cincinnati_alumni.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Pennsylvania_alumni.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Dodecahedron.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Fairfax,_Virginia.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Farouk_of_Egypt.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Fels_Planetarium.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Harvard-Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Harvard–Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Haverford,_Pennsylvania.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Haverford_College.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink King_Farouk.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Lunar_phase.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Lunar_phases.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Moon.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Operation_Moonwatch.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Otterbein_College.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Otterbein_University.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Pennsylvania.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Planet.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Planets.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Radio.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Rittenhouse_Astronomical_Society.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Science_education.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Sputnik.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Sputnik_1.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink Sun.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Cincinnati.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Pennsylvania.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink File:Planetario_Municipal_Agrimensor_Germán_Barbato_interior.jpg.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink File:Spitz_Junior_planetarium.jpg.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLink File:Spitz_Star_Projector.jpg.
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLinkText "Armand Spitz".
- Armand_Spitz wikiPageWikiLinkText "Spitz".
- Armand_Spitz dateOfBirth "1904-07-07".
- Armand_Spitz dateOfDeath "1971-04-14".
- Armand_Spitz hasPhotoCollection Armand_Spitz.
- Armand_Spitz name "Spitz, Armand".
- Armand_Spitz shortDescription "American planetarium designer".
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- Armand_Spitz description "American planetarium designer".
- Armand_Spitz description "American planetarium designer".
- Armand_Spitz subject Category:1904_births.
- Armand_Spitz subject Category:1971_deaths.
- Armand_Spitz subject Category:American_inventors.
- Armand_Spitz subject Category:University_of_Cincinnati_alumni.
- Armand_Spitz subject Category:University_of_Pennsylvania_alumni.
- Armand_Spitz hypernym Spitz.
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- Armand_Spitz type Q215627.
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- Armand_Spitz comment "Armand Neustadter Spitz (July 7, 1904 – April 14, 1971) was a planetarium designer.Armand Spitz, the son of Louis Spitz and Rose (Neustadter), was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Cincinnati, without receiving a degree from either. In 1926 he began working as a journalist, and within two years purchased a newspaper in Haverford, Pennsylvania.".
- Armand_Spitz label "Armand Spitz".
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- Armand_Spitz sameAs Q15486110.
- Armand_Spitz sameAs Q15486110.
- Armand_Spitz wasDerivedFrom Armand_Spitz?oldid=659831984.
- Armand_Spitz depiction Spitz_Star_Projector.jpg.
- Armand_Spitz givenName "Armand".
- Armand_Spitz isPrimaryTopicOf Armand_Spitz.
- Armand_Spitz name "Armand Spitz".
- Armand_Spitz name "Spitz, Armand".
- Armand_Spitz surname "Spitz".