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- Antigen abstract "In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is any structural substance that serves as a target for the receptors of an adaptive immune response, TCR or BCR or its secreted form antibody. In simpler terms, an antigen is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. Each antibody is specifically selected after binding to a certain antigen because of random somatic diversification in the antibody complementarity determining regions. A common analogy used to describe this is the fit between a lock and a key.In summary an antigen is a molecule that binds to Ag-specific receptors, but cannot induce an immune response in the body by itself. The term originally described a structural molecule that binds specifically to an antibody. It expanded to refer to any molecule or a linear molecular fragment that can be recognized by highly variable antigen receptors (B-cell receptor or T-cell receptor) of the adaptive immune system.The antigen may originate from within the body ("self-antigen") or from the external environment ("non-self"). The immune system usually does not react to self-antigens under normal homeostatic conditions due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and is supposed to identify and attack only "non-self" invaders from the outside world or modified/harmful substances present in the body under distressed conditions.Antigen presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. The T cells of the adaptive immune system recognize the antigens. Depending on the antigen and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, different types of T cells activate. For T-Cell Receptor (TCR) recognition, the peptide must be processed into small fragments inside the cell and presented by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The antigen cannot elicit the immune response without the help of an Immunologic adjuvant. Similarly, the adjuvant component of vaccines plays an essential role in the activation of the innate immune system.An immunogen is a substance (or mixture) that is able to provoke a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response. It first initiates an innate immune response, which causes the activation of the adaptive immune response. An antigen binds the highly variable immunoreceptor products (B-cell receptor or T-cell receptor) once these have been generated. All immunogenic molecules are also antigenic, although the reverse is not true.At the molecular level, an antigen can be characterized by its ability to bind to an antibody's variable Fab region. Different antibodies have the potential to discriminate among specific epitopes present on the antigen surface. Hapten is a small molecule that changes the structure of an antigenic epitope. In order to induce an immune response, it has to be attached to a large carrier molecule such as a protein. Antigens are usually proteins and polysaccharides, and less frequently, lipids. This includes parts (coats, capsules, cell walls, flagella, fimbrae, and toxins) of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Lipids and nucleic acids are antigenic only when combined with proteins and polysaccharides. Non-microbial non-self antigens can include pollen, egg white and proteins from transplanted tissues and organs or on the surface of transfused blood cells. Vaccines are examples of antigens in an immunogenic form, which are intentionally administered to induce the memory function of adaptive immune system toward the antigens of the pathogen invading the recipient.".
- Antigen thumbnail Antibody.svg?width=300.
- Antigen wikiPageExternalLink histochemistry%20protocol%20antigen%20retrieval.htm.
- Antigen wikiPageExternalLink 002224.htm.
- Antigen wikiPageID "1915".
- Antigen wikiPageLength "17794".
- Antigen wikiPageOutDegree "127".
- Antigen wikiPageRevisionID "680565998".
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Adaptive_immune_system.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Adjuvant.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Allele.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Alleles.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Allergen.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Allergic_reaction.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Allergy.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Allotype_(immunology).
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Antibody.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Antigen.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Antigen-presenting_cell.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Antigen_presenting_cell.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Antitoxin.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Autoantigen.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Autoimmune_disease.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Autoimmunity.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Autologous.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Autotransplantation.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink B-cell_receptor.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink B_cell.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink B_cells.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink CD4.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Category:Biomolecules.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Category:Immune_system.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Central_tolerance.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Cervical_cancer.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Complementarity_determining_region.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Conformational_epitope.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Cytokine.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Cytotoxic_T_cell.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Cytotoxic_T_lymphocytes.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Danger_model.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Deep-sequencing.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Endocytosis.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Endoplasmic_reticulum.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Epitope.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Epitopes.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Exome.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Fragment_antigen-binding.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Genome.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Hapten.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Head_and_neck_cancer.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Head_and_neck_cancers.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Histocompatibility_molecule.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Homeostasis.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Homeostatic.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Idiotopes.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Idiotype.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Idiotypes.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Immunogen.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Immunoglobulin.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Immunoglobulin_allotype.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Immunology.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Infection.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Ingestion.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Inhalation.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Injection_(medicine).
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Innate_immune_system.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Linear_epitope.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Lipid.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Lysis.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink László_Detre_(microbiologist).
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink László_Detre_(physician).
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink MHC_I.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink MHC_II.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink MHC_class_I.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink MHC_class_II.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Macrophage.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Macrophages.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_immunoassay.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Major_histocompatibility_complex.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Malaria.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Metabolism.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Microorganism.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Molecular_form.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Molecular_geometry.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Mutation.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Negative_selection_(immunology).
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Neoplasm.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Neutralizing_antibody.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Nucleic_acid.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Original_antigenic_sin.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Pathogen.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Paul_Ehrlich.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Peptide.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Peptides.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Phagocytosis.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Plasmodium.
- Antigen wikiPageWikiLink Polyclonal_B_cell_response.