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- Ancient_Greek_warfare abstract "The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of "the known world" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.".
- Ancient_Greek_warfare thumbnail Greek_hoplite.png?width=300.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageExternalLink 9.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageExternalLink symposionlectures.googlepages.com.
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- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageRevisionID "683788867".
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Aegean_Sea.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Agrianes.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_the_Great.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Macedonian_army.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Archaic_Greece.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Archaic_period_in_Greece.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Argos.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Army_of_Macedon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Artemisium.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Asia_Minor.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Aspis.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Athens.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Attica.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Chaeronea_(338_BC).
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Cnidus.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Coronea_(394_BC).
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Gaugamela.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Issus.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lechaeum.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Leuctra.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mantinea_(362_BC).
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Marathon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mycale.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Nemea.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Plataea.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Salamis.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thermopylae.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Boeotia.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_history_of_Ancient_Greece.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Chigi_vase.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink City-state.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink City-states.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Classical_Greece.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Combined_arms.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Corinth.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Corinthian_League.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Corinthian_War.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Crete.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Dardanelles.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Darius_I.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Darius_I_of_Persia.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Delian_League.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Diadochi.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Dory_(spear).
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Epaminondas.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Eretria.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Greco-Persian_Wars.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Greek_Dark_Ages.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hellenistic.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hellenistic_armies.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hellenistic_period.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hellespont.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Helots.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hoplite.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Hoplon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Ionia.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Iphicrates.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Isthmus_of_Corinth.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink League_of_Corinth.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Leonidas.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Leonidas_I.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Lysander.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Macedon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom).
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Marathon,_Greece.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Mardonius.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Messenia.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Miltiades.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Miltiades_the_Younger.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Oligarchy.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Peace_of_Antalcidas.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Peloponnesian_League.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Peloponnesian_War.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Peltast.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Phalangite.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Phalanx.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Phalanx_formation.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Philip_II_of_Macedon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Phillip_II_of_Macedon.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Pitched_battle.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Salamis_Island.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Sarissa.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Shield-wall.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Shield_wall.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Sicily.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Skirmisher.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Sparta.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Spartan_hegemony.
- Ancient_Greek_warfare wikiPageWikiLink Spartiate.