Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Amino_acid> ?p ?o }
- Amino_acid abstract "Amino acids (/əˈmiːnoʊ, ˈæmənoʊ, əˈmaɪnoʊ/) are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.In biochemistry, amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups attached to the first (alpha-) carbon atom have particular importance. They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a "side-chain"); often the term "amino acid" is used to refer specifically to these. They include the 22 proteinogenic ("protein-building") amino acids, which combine into peptide chains ("polypeptides") to form the building-blocks of a vast array of proteins. These are all L-stereoisomers ("left-handed" isomers), although a few D-amino acids ("right-handed") occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as "standard" amino acids. The other three ("non-standard" or "non-canonical") are selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA), pyrrolysine (found only in some archea and one bacterium) and N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine are encoded via variant codons; for example, selenocysteine is encoded by stop codon and SECIS element. Codon–tRNA combinations not found in nature can also be used to "expand" the genetic code and create novel proteins known as alloproteins incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids.Many important proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids also play critical non-protein roles within the body. For example, in the human brain, glutamate (standard glutamic acid) and gamma-amino-butyric acid ("GABA", non-standard gamma-amino acid) are, respectively, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hydroxyproline (a major component of the connective tissue collagen) is synthesised from proline; the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells; and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called "essential" for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body and, so, must be taken in as food. Others may be conditionally essential for certain ages or medical conditions. Essential amino acids may also differ between species.Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology. Industrial uses include the production of drugs, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts.".
- Amino_acid thumbnail AminoAcidball.svg?width=300.
- Amino_acid wikiPageExternalLink compareAAApplet.html.
- Amino_acid wikiPageExternalLink amino.pdf.
- Amino_acid wikiPageExternalLink Dayhoff.html.
- Amino_acid wikiPageID "1207".
- Amino_acid wikiPageLength "83745".
- Amino_acid wikiPageOutDegree "473".
- Amino_acid wikiPageRevisionID "682519119".
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 2-Aminoisobutyric_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 2-aminoisobutyric_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 5-HTP.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink 5-Hydroxytryptophan.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Absorbance.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Acid_dissociation_constant.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Acid_strength.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink African_trypanosomiasis.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alamethicin.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alanine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aliphatic.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aliphatic_compound.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alloprotein.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alpha-carbon.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_and_beta_carbon.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_carbon.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amide.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid_dating.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid_transporter.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amino_group.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Ammonia.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Amphoterism.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Animal_feed.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Antibiotic.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Antibiotics.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Archaea.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Archea.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Arginine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic_amino_acids.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aromaticity.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Artificial_sweetener.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Asparagine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Asparagus.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aspartame.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aspartate.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Aspartic_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Asymmetric_catalysis.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_mass.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Automated.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Automation.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bacterial_envelope.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bacterium.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Beta-Alanine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Beta-peptide.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Beta_alanine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Biochemistry.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Biodegradable_plastic.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Biology.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Biosynthesis.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bisphenol_A.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Bortezomib.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Branched-chain_amino_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Branched-chain_amino_acids.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cahn–Ingold–Prelog_priority_rules.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_in_biology.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Canavalia_gladiata.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Canavanine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_chain.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxybenzyl.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxyl.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxyl_group.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxylate.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxylation.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carboxylic_acid.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Carnitine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Catabolism.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Catecholamine.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Amino_acids.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nitrogen_metabolism.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Category:Zwitterions.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Catenation.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cell_envelope.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Cell_wall.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chelation.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_compound.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_formula.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_polarity.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_property.
- Amino_acid wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_structure.