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- Access_badge abstract "An access badge is a credential used to gain entry to an area having automated access control entry points. Entry points may be doors, turnstiles, parking gates or other barriers.Access badges use various technologies to identify the holder of the badge to an access control system. The most common technologies are magnetic stripe, proximity, barcode, smart cards and various biometric devices. The magnetic strip ID card was invented by Forrest Parry in 1960.The access badge contains a number that is read by a card reader. The number is sent to an access control system, a computer system that makes access control decisions based on information about the credential. If the credential is included in an access control list, the access control system unlocks the controlled access point. The transaction is stored in the system for later retrieval; reports may be generated that reveal who entered what controlled access point at what time.The Wiegand effect was used in early access cards. This method was abandoned in favor of other proximity technologies. The new technologies retained the Wiegand upstream data so that the new readers were compatible with old systems. Readers are still called Wiegand but no longer use the Wiegand effect. A Wiegand reader radiates a 1" to 5" electrical field around itself. Cards use a simple LC circuit. When a card is presented to the reader, the reader's electrical field excites a coil in the card. The coil charges a capacitor and in turn powers an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit outputs the card number to the coil which transmits it to the reader. The transmission of the card number happens in the clear—it is not encrypted. With basic understanding of radio technology and of card formats, Wiegand proximity cards can be hacked.A common proximity format is 26 bit Wiegand. This format uses a facility code also called a site code. The facility code is unique number common to all of the cards in a particular set. The idea is an organization has their own facility code and then numbered cards incrementing from 1. Another organization has a different facility code and their card set also increments from 1. Thus different organizations can have card sets with the same card numbers but since the facility codes differ, the cards only work at one organization. This idea worked fine for a while but there is no governing body controlling card numbers, different manufacturers can supply cards with identical facility codes and identical card numbers to different organizations. Thus there is a problem of duplicate cards. To counteract this problem some manufacturers have created formats beyond 26 bit Wiegand that they control and issue to an organization.In the 26 bit Wiegand format bit 1 is an even parity bit. Bits 2-9 are a facility code. Bits 10-25 are the card number. Bit 26 is an odd parity bit. Other formats have a similar structure of leading facility code followed by card number and including parity bits for error checking.Smart cards can be used to counteract the problems of transmitting card numbers in the clear and control of the card numbers by manufacturers. Smart cards can be encoded by organizations with unique numbers and the communication between card and reader can be encrypted.".
- Access_badge thumbnail ExampleCAC.jpg?width=300.
- Access_badge wikiPageID "9267751".
- Access_badge wikiPageLength "4342".
- Access_badge wikiPageOutDegree "48".
- Access_badge wikiPageRevisionID "646040009".
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Access_control.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Barcode.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Biometric_device.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Biometrics.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Capacitor.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Card_printer.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Card_reader.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Category:Identifiers.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Common_Access_Card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Computer.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Computer_security.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Computer_system.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Credential.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Door.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Door_security.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Electronic_lock.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Encrypted.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Encryption.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Forrest_Parry.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Fortification.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink ID_Card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink ID_card_printer.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink IP_camera.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink IP_video_surveillance.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Identity_document.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Integrated_circuit.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Key_(lock).
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink LC_circuit.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Lock_(security_device).
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Lock_picking.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Locksmithing.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Logical_security.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_stripe_card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Optical_turnstile.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Photo_identification.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Physical_Security_Professional.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Proximity_card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Security.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Security_engineering.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Security_lighting.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Security_policy.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Smart_card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Smart_cards.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Swipe_card.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Turnstile.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink Wiegand_effect.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLink File:ExampleCAC.jpg.
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLinkText "Access badge".
- Access_badge wikiPageWikiLinkText "access badge".
- Access_badge hasPhotoCollection Access_badge.
- Access_badge subject Category:Identifiers.
- Access_badge hypernym Credential.
- Access_badge type Identifier.
- Access_badge comment "An access badge is a credential used to gain entry to an area having automated access control entry points. Entry points may be doors, turnstiles, parking gates or other barriers.Access badges use various technologies to identify the holder of the badge to an access control system. The most common technologies are magnetic stripe, proximity, barcode, smart cards and various biometric devices.".
- Access_badge label "Access badge".
- Access_badge sameAs Badge.
- Access_badge sameAs Adgangskort.
- Access_badge sameAs Adgangskort.
- Access_badge sameAs m.0282b99.
- Access_badge sameAs Q1054723.
- Access_badge sameAs Q1054723.
- Access_badge wasDerivedFrom Access_badge?oldid=646040009.
- Access_badge depiction ExampleCAC.jpg.
- Access_badge isPrimaryTopicOf Access_badge.