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- AARD_code abstract "The AARD code was a segment of code in a beta release of Microsoft Windows 3.1 that would determine whether Windows was running on MS-DOS or PC DOS, rather than a competing workalike such as DR-DOS, and would result in a cryptic error message in the latter case. This XOR-encrypted, self-modifying, and deliberately obfuscated machine code used a variety of undocumented DOS structures and functions to perform its work, and appeared in the installer, WIN.COM and several other executables in the OS.The AARD code was originally discovered by Geoff Chappell on 17 April 1992 and then further analyzed and documented in a joint effort with Andrew Schulman.The name was derived from Microsoft programmer Aaron R. Reynolds (1955–2008), who used "AARD" to sign his work; "AARD" was found in the machine code of the installer. Microsoft disabled the AARD code for the final release of Windows 3.1, but did not remove it, so that it could have become reactivated anytime later by the change of a single byte in an installed system, thereby constituting a "smoking gun".DR-DOS publisher Digital Research released a patch to enable the AARD tests to pass on its operating system in 1992.The rationale for the AARD code came to light when internal memos were released during the United States v. Microsoft antitrust case in 1999. Internal memos released by Microsoft revealed that the specific focus of these tests was DR-DOS. At one point, Microsoft CEO Bill Gates sent a memo to a number of employees, reading "You never sent me a response on the question of what things an app would do that would make it run with MSDOS and not run with DR-DOS. Is there feature [sic] they have that might get in our way?" Microsoft Senior Vice President Brad Silverberg later sent another memo, stating: "What the [user] is supposed to do is feel uncomfortable, and when he has bugs, suspect that the problem is DR-DOS and then go out to buy MS-DOS."Following the purchase of DR-DOS by Novell and its renaming to "Novell DOS", Microsoft Co-President Jim Allchin stated in a memo, "If you're going to kill someone there isn't much reason to get all worked up about it and angry. Any discussions beforehand are a waste of time. We need to smile at Novell while we pull the trigger."What had been DR-DOS changed hands again. The new owner, Caldera, Inc., began a lawsuit against Microsoft over the AARD code, Caldera v. Microsoft, which was later settled. It was believed that the settlement ran in the order of $150 million, but was revealed in November 2009 with the release of the Settlement Agreement to be $280 million.".
- AARD_code wikiPageExternalLink 190860.html.
- AARD_code wikiPageExternalLink 213681.aspx.
- AARD_code wikiPageExternalLink 214338.aspx.
- AARD_code wikiPageExternalLink Microsoft.htm.
- AARD_code wikiPageExternalLink aard.
- AARD_code wikiPageID "13385203".
- AARD_code wikiPageLength "11340".
- AARD_code wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- AARD_code wikiPageRevisionID "682062311".
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Beta_release.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Bill_Gates.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Brad_Silverberg.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Caldera,_Inc..
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Caldera_(company).
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Caldera_v._Microsoft.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Category:Microsoft_criticisms_and_controversies.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Category:Windows_components.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink DR-DOS.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Digital_Research.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Fear,_uncertainty_and_doubt.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Geoff_Chappell.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Halloween_documents.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink IBM_PC_DOS.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Jim_Allchin.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink MS-DOS.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Microsoft_Windows_3.1.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Microsoft_litigation.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Novell.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink PC_DOS.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Patch_(computing).
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Self-modifying_code.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Smoking_gun.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Software_release_life_cycle.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink United_States_v._Microsoft.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp..
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink WIN.COM.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink Windows_3.1x.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink XOR_cipher.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLink XOR_encryption.
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLinkText "AARD code".
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLinkText "Aaron Reynolds".
- AARD_code wikiPageWikiLinkText "efforts to prevent".
- AARD_code hasPhotoCollection AARD_code.
- AARD_code wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- AARD_code wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sic.
- AARD_code wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Use_dmy_dates.
- AARD_code subject Category:Microsoft_criticisms_and_controversies.
- AARD_code subject Category:Windows_components.
- AARD_code hypernym Segment.
- AARD_code type Article.
- AARD_code type TelevisionEpisode.
- AARD_code type Article.
- AARD_code type Compatible.
- AARD_code comment "The AARD code was a segment of code in a beta release of Microsoft Windows 3.1 that would determine whether Windows was running on MS-DOS or PC DOS, rather than a competing workalike such as DR-DOS, and would result in a cryptic error message in the latter case.".
- AARD_code label "AARD code".
- AARD_code sameAs m.03c3l8r.
- AARD_code sameAs Q4649921.
- AARD_code sameAs Q4649921.
- AARD_code wasDerivedFrom AARD_code?oldid=682062311.
- AARD_code isPrimaryTopicOf AARD_code.