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- Polymerase_chain_reaction abstract "The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. These include DNA cloning for sequencing, DNA-based phylogeny, or functional analysis of genes; the diagnosis of hereditary diseases; the identification of genetic fingerprints (used in forensic sciences and paternity testing); and the detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases. In 1993, Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Michael Smith for his work on PCR.The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. Primers (short DNA fragments) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. PCR can be extensively modified to perform a wide array of genetic manipulations.Almost all PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase (an enzyme originally isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus). This DNA polymerase enzymatically assembles a new DNA strand from DNA building-blocks, the nucleotides, by using single-stranded DNA as a template and DNA oligonucleotides (also called DNA primers), which are required for initiation of DNA synthesis. The vast majority of PCR methods use thermal cycling, i.e., alternately heating and cooling the PCR sample through a defined series of temperature steps.In the first step, the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically separated at a high temperature in a process called DNA melting. In the second step, the temperature is lowered and the two DNA strands become templates for DNA polymerase to selectively amplify the target DNA. The selectivity of PCR results from the use of primers that are complementary to the DNA region targeted for amplification under specific thermal cycling conditions.".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction thumbnail PCR_tubes.png?width=300.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink PCR_en.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink openpcr.org.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink PCR.
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- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink siris_arc_217745.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink pcr.html.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink pcr_buying_guide.aspx.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink search?q=pcr&sa=.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=rbvvvLWE8jI.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageID "23647".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wikiPageRevisionID "606789266".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction by "no".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction hasPhotoCollection Polymerase_chain_reaction.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction lcheading "Polymerase chain reaction".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction onlinebooks "no".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:American_inventions.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Amplifiers.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Biotechnology.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:DNA_profiling_techniques.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Hoffmann-La_Roche.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Laboratory_techniques.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Molecular_biology.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Molecular_biology_techniques.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Polymerase_chain_reaction.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction subject Category:Smithsonian_Institution_Archives_related.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Ability105616246.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Abstraction100002137.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type AmericanInventions.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Cognition100023271.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Creativity105624700.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Invention105633385.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Know-how105616786.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type LaboratoryTechniques.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Method105660268.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type MolecularBiologyTechniques.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction type Technique105665146.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction comment "The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications.".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Polymerase chain reaction".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Polymerase-Kettenreaktion".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Polymerasekettingreactie".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Reazione a catena della polimerasi".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Reação em cadeia da polimerase".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Réaction en chaîne par polymérase".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "Полимеразная цепная реакция".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction label "聚合酶链式反应".
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Polymerázová_řetězová_reakce.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Polymerase-Kettenreaktion.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Αλυσιδωτή_αντίδραση_πολυμεράσης.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Reacción_en_cadena_de_la_polimerasa.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Polimerasaren_kate-erreakzioa.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Réaction_en_chaîne_par_polymérase.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Reaksi_berantai_polimerase.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Reazione_a_catena_della_polimerasi.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs 중합효소_연쇄_반응.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Polymerasekettingreactie.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Reakcja_łańcuchowa_polimerazy.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Reação_em_cadeia_da_polimerase.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs m.05w_j.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Q176996.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Q176996.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction sameAs Polymerase_chain_reaction.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction wasDerivedFrom Polymerase_chain_reaction?oldid=606789266.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction depiction PCR_tubes.png.
- Polymerase_chain_reaction isPrimaryTopicOf Polymerase_chain_reaction.