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- James_Bryant_Conant abstract "James Bryant Conant (March 26, 1893 – February 11, 1978) was an American chemist, a transformative President of Harvard University, and the first U.S. Ambassador to West Germany. Conant obtained a PhD in Chemistry from Harvard in 1916. During World War I he served in the U.S. Army during, working on the development of poison gases. He became an assistant professor of chemistry at Harvard in 1919, and the Sheldon Emery Professor of Organic Chemistry in 1929. He researched the physical structures of natural products, particularly chlorophyll, and he was one of the first to explore the sometimes complex relationship between chemical equilibrium and the reaction rate of chemical processes. He studied the biochemistry of oxyhemoglobin providing insight into the disease methemoglobinemia, helped to explain the structure of chlorophyll, and contributed important insights that underlie modern theories of acid-base chemistry.In 1933, Conant became the President of Harvard University with a reformist agenda that involved dispensing with a number of customs, including class rankings and the requirement for Latin classes. He abolished athletic scholarships, and instituted an "up or out" policy, under which scholars who were not promoted were terminated. His egalitarian vision of education required a diversified student body, and he promoted the adoption of the Scholastic Aptitude Test and co-educational classes. During his presidency, women were admitted to Harvard Medical School and Harvard Law School for the first time.Conant was appointed to the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) in 1940, becoming its chairman in 1941. In this capacity, he oversaw vital wartime research projects, including the development of synthetic rubber, and the Manhattan Project, which developed the first atomic bombs. On July 16, 1945, he was among the dignitaries present at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range for the Trinity nuclear test, the first detonation of an atomic bomb, and was part of the Interim Committee that advised President Harry S. Truman to use atomic bombs on Japan. After the war, he served on the Joint Research and Development Board (JRDC) that was established to coordinate burgeoning defense research, and on the influential General Advisory Committee (GAC) of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).In his later years at Harvard, Conant taught undergraduate courses on the history and philosophy of science, and wrote books explaining the scientific method to laymen. In 1953 he retired as President of Harvard and became the United States High Commissioner for Germany, overseeing the restoration of German sovereignty after World War II, and then was Ambassador to West Germany until 1957. On returning to the United States, he criticized the education system in works such as The American High School Today (1959), Slums and Suburbs (1961) and The Education of American Teachers (1963). Between 1965 and 1969, Conant, suffering from a heart condition, worked on his autobiography, My Several Lives (1970). He became increasingly infirm, suffered a series of strokes in 1977, and died in a nursing home the following year.".
- James_Bryant_Conant activeYearsEndDate "1957-02-19".
- James_Bryant_Conant activeYearsStartDate "1955-05-14".
- James_Bryant_Conant award Benjamin_Franklin_Medal_(American_Philosophical_Society).
- James_Bryant_Conant award Clark_Kerr_Medal.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Kentucky_colonel.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Legion_of_Honour.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Medal_for_Merit.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Medal_of_Freedom.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Order_of_the_British_Empire.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Priestley_Medal.
- James_Bryant_Conant award Sylvanus_Thayer_Award.
- James_Bryant_Conant battle World_War_I.
- James_Bryant_Conant birthDate "1893-03-26".
- James_Bryant_Conant birthPlace Dorchester,_Boston.
- James_Bryant_Conant birthYear "1893".
- James_Bryant_Conant country United_States.
- James_Bryant_Conant deathDate "1978-02-11".
- James_Bryant_Conant deathPlace Hanover,_New_Hampshire.
- James_Bryant_Conant deathYear "1978".
- James_Bryant_Conant lccnId "n/50/30042".
- James_Bryant_Conant militaryBranch Chemical_Corps.
- James_Bryant_Conant militaryRank Major.
- James_Bryant_Conant orderInOffice "1st".
- James_Bryant_Conant president Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- James_Bryant_Conant relation Jennet_Conant.
- James_Bryant_Conant serviceEndYear "1919".
- James_Bryant_Conant serviceStartYear "1917".
- James_Bryant_Conant successor David_K._E._Bruce.
- James_Bryant_Conant successor Nathan_M._Pusey.
- James_Bryant_Conant thumbnail James_B_Conant_1948_cropped.jpg?width=300.
- James_Bryant_Conant viafId "52483290".
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageExternalLink conant.html.
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageExternalLink organizingscient00stew.
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageExternalLink 0502-26.htm.
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageExternalLink conant-james-b-1893-1978.pdf.
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageExternalLink v28-2%20p84-94.pdf.
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageID "355000".
- James_Bryant_Conant wikiPageRevisionID "604539537".
- James_Bryant_Conant after Carl_Vinson.
- James_Bryant_Conant after Charles_F._Kettering.
- James_Bryant_Conant after David_K._E._Bruce.
- James_Bryant_Conant after Nathan_M._Pusey.
- James_Bryant_Conant after "Extinct".
- James_Bryant_Conant alt "Head and shoulders of smiling man in suit and tie with round dark-rimmed glasses. This is a detail from the picture below.".
- James_Bryant_Conant alumnus Harvard_College.
- James_Bryant_Conant ambassadorFrom "United States".
- James_Bryant_Conant awards "Nichols Medal ; Chandler Medal ; Commandeur, Legion d'Honneur ; Benjamin Franklin Medal ; Priestley Medal ; Medal for Merit ; Kentucky colonel ; American Education Award ; Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire ; Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ; Medal of Freedom ; Sylvanus Thayer Award ; Arches of Science Award ; Atomic Pioneers Award ; Clark Kerr Medal : Fellow of the Royal Society(For a full list of awards, see )".
- James_Bryant_Conant battles World_War_I.
- James_Bryant_Conant before Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell.
- James_Bryant_Conant before Anton_Julius_Carlson.
- James_Bryant_Conant before John_J._McCloy.
- James_Bryant_Conant before Robert_A._Lovett.
- James_Bryant_Conant before "Initiated".
- James_Bryant_Conant birthDate "1893-03-26".
- James_Bryant_Conant birthPlace Dorchester,_Boston.
- James_Bryant_Conant branch Chemical_Corps.
- James_Bryant_Conant caption "James Bryant Conant in 1948".
- James_Bryant_Conant country "West Germany".
- James_Bryant_Conant dateOfBirth "1893-03-26".
- James_Bryant_Conant dateOfDeath "1978-02-11".
- James_Bryant_Conant deathDate "1978-02-11".
- James_Bryant_Conant deathPlace Hanover,_New_Hampshire.
- James_Bryant_Conant hasPhotoCollection James_Bryant_Conant.
- James_Bryant_Conant imageSize "200".
- James_Bryant_Conant lccn "n/50/30042".
- James_Bryant_Conant name "Conant, James Bryant".
- James_Bryant_Conant name "James Bryant Conant".
- James_Bryant_Conant order "1.0".
- James_Bryant_Conant placeOfBirth Dorchester,_Boston.
- James_Bryant_Conant placeOfDeath Hanover,_New_Hampshire.
- James_Bryant_Conant predecessor Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell.
- James_Bryant_Conant president Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- James_Bryant_Conant rank "15".
- James_Bryant_Conant relations Jennet_Conant.
- James_Bryant_Conant serviceyears "1917".
- James_Bryant_Conant shortDescription "American diplomat".
- James_Bryant_Conant signature "James B. Conant signature.jpg".
- James_Bryant_Conant successor David_K._E._Bruce.
- James_Bryant_Conant successor Nathan_M._Pusey.
- James_Bryant_Conant termEnd "1953".
- James_Bryant_Conant termEnd "1957-02-19".
- James_Bryant_Conant termStart "1933".
- James_Bryant_Conant termStart "1955-05-14".
- James_Bryant_Conant title Allied_High_Commission.
- James_Bryant_Conant title National_Defense_Research_Committee.
- James_Bryant_Conant title President_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.
- James_Bryant_Conant title Sylvanus_Thayer_Award.
- James_Bryant_Conant title United_States_Ambassador_to_Germany.
- James_Bryant_Conant title "23".
- James_Bryant_Conant viaf "52483290".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1933".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1941".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1945".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1953".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1955".
- James_Bryant_Conant years "1965".
- James_Bryant_Conant description "American diplomat".
- James_Bryant_Conant description "American diplomat".