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- Adolphe_Niel abstract "Adolphe Niel (4 October 1802 – 13 August 1869) was a French Army general and statesman, also Marshal of France.He was born at Muret, Haute-Garonne and entered the École Polytechnique in 1821. Niel entered the engineer school at Metz, became lieutenant in the Engineers Corps in 1827, and captain in 1833. At the storming of Constantine, Algeria, Niel led the engineer detachment with one of the storming parties, and his conduct gained for him the rank of chef de bataillon in 1837. Niel was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1840 and to colonel in 1846. His next war service was as Chief of Staff to General Vaillant during the 1849 siege of Rome, after which he was made general of brigade and director of engineer services at headquarters.In 1851, Niel became a member of the Committee of Fortifications. He became a member of the council of state in 1852 and in 1853 was promoted to general of the division. In the first part of the Crimean War, Niel was employed in the expedition to the Baltic Sea and directed engineering operations against Bomarsund. Early in 1855 Niel was sent to the Crimea, where he succeeded General Bizot as chief of engineers. For some years Niel had been the most trusted military adviser of Napoleon III, and he was now empowered to advise the generals on the spot in accordance with the wishes of the sovereign and the home government.Niel managed to carry out this delicate and difficult task with as much success as could be expected, and he directed siege operations at the Battle of Malakoff. His reward was the grand cross of the Légion d'honneur. From 1855 to 1859 Niel was employed at headquarters and also served in the French Senate. In the war against the Austrians, Niel commanded the IV Corps and took part in the Battle of Magenta and the Battle of Solferino. Niel was made a marshal of France on the field at Solferino.After he served for some years in a home command, Niel became minister of war and held the position from 1867 to 1869. In this capacity he drafted and began to carry out a far-reaching scheme of army reform, based on universal service and the automatic creation of large reserves which needed only time to mature. Under his system, those men who had purchased exemption from conscription into the army would nonetheless be called up into a new service, the Garde Mobile. He also was able to rearm the whole of the army with the chassepot rifle, but not the Garde Mobile. He did not live to complete the development of his system.Niel died in Paris during an operation for a bladder stone, and a year later the Franco-Prussian War destroyed the old imperial army upon which the new formations were to have been grafted.".
- Adolphe_Niel allegiance "France".
- Adolphe_Niel award Legion_of_Honour.
- Adolphe_Niel award M%C3%A9daille_militaire.
- Adolphe_Niel award Marshal_of_France.
- Adolphe_Niel battle Crimean_War.
- Adolphe_Niel battle Second_Italian_War_of_Independence.
- Adolphe_Niel birthDate "1802-10-04".
- Adolphe_Niel birthPlace France.
- Adolphe_Niel birthPlace Muret.
- Adolphe_Niel birthYear "1802".
- Adolphe_Niel deathDate "1869-08-13".
- Adolphe_Niel deathPlace France.
- Adolphe_Niel deathPlace Paris.
- Adolphe_Niel deathYear "1869".
- Adolphe_Niel militaryBranch French_Army.
- Adolphe_Niel militaryCommand "IV Corps, Army of Italy".
- Adolphe_Niel occupation Minister_of_Defence_(France).
- Adolphe_Niel serviceEndYear "1869".
- Adolphe_Niel serviceStartYear "1827".
- Adolphe_Niel thumbnail Adolphe_Niel.PNG?width=300.
- Adolphe_Niel viafId "49339893".
- Adolphe_Niel wikiPageID "181573".
- Adolphe_Niel wikiPageRevisionID "601185882".
- Adolphe_Niel allegiance France.
- Adolphe_Niel awards Légion_d'honneur.
- Adolphe_Niel awards Marshal_of_France.
- Adolphe_Niel awards Médaille_militaire.
- Adolphe_Niel battles Crimean_War.
- Adolphe_Niel battles Second_Italian_War_of_Independence.
- Adolphe_Niel birthDate "1802-10-04".
- Adolphe_Niel birthPlace France.
- Adolphe_Niel birthPlace Muret.
- Adolphe_Niel branch French_Army.
- Adolphe_Niel commands "IV Corps, Army of Italy".
- Adolphe_Niel dateOfBirth "1802-10-04".
- Adolphe_Niel dateOfDeath "1869-08-13".
- Adolphe_Niel deathDate "1869-08-13".
- Adolphe_Niel deathPlace France.
- Adolphe_Niel deathPlace Paris.
- Adolphe_Niel hasPhotoCollection Adolphe_Niel.
- Adolphe_Niel laterwork Minister_of_Defence_(France).
- Adolphe_Niel name "Adolphe Niel".
- Adolphe_Niel name "Niel, Adolphe".
- Adolphe_Niel placeOfBirth France.
- Adolphe_Niel placeOfBirth Muret.
- Adolphe_Niel placeOfDeath France.
- Adolphe_Niel placeOfDeath Paris.
- Adolphe_Niel rank Divisional_general.
- Adolphe_Niel serviceyears "1827".
- Adolphe_Niel shortDescription "Marshal of France".
- Adolphe_Niel title Minister_of_Defence_(France).
- Adolphe_Niel wordnet_type synset-person-noun-1.
- Adolphe_Niel years "--01-20".
- Adolphe_Niel description "Marshal of France".
- Adolphe_Niel description "Marshal of France".
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:1802_births.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:1869_deaths.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:Companions_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:French_military_personnel_of_the_Crimean_War.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:Grand_Croix_of_the_Légion_d'honneur.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:Knights_of_the_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:Marshals_of_France.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:People_from_Muret.
- Adolphe_Niel subject Category:École_Polytechnique_alumni.
- Adolphe_Niel type AlumniOfThe%C3%89colePolytechnique.
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- Adolphe_Niel type MarshalsOfFrance.
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- Adolphe_Niel type Q215627.
- Adolphe_Niel type Q5.