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- Heliotrope_(instrument) abstract "The heliotrope is an instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight over great distances to mark the positions of participants in a land survey. The heliotrope was invented in 1821 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. The word \"heliotrope\" is taken from the Greek: helios (Greek: Ἥλιος), meaning \"sun\", and tropos (Greek: τρόπος), meaning \"turn\". It is a fitting name for an instrument which can be turned to reflect the sun toward a given point.Heliotropes were used in surveys from Gauss's survey in Germany in 1821 through the late 1980s, when GPS measurements replaced the use of the heliotrope in long distance surveys. Colonel Sir George Everest introduced the use of heliotropes into the Great Trigonometric Survey in India around 1831, and the US Coast and Geographic Survey used heliotropes to survey the United States. The Indian specification for heliotropes was updated in 1981, and the American military specification for heliotropes (MIL-H-20194E) was retired on 8 December 1995.Surveyors used the heliotrope as a specialized form of survey target; it was employed during large triangulation surveys where, because of the great distance between stations (usually twenty miles or more), a regular target would be indistinct or invisible. Heliotropes were often used as survey targets at ranges of over 100 miles. In California, in 1878, a heliotrope on Mount Saint Helena was surveyed by B.A. Colonna of the USCGS from Mount Shasta, a distance of 192 miles (309 km).The heliotrope was limited to use on sunny days and was further limited (in regions of high temperatures) to mornings and afternoons when atmospheric aberration least affected the instrument-man's line of sight. The heliotrope operator was called a \"heliotroper\" or \"flasher\" and would sometimes employ a second mirror for communicating with the instrument station through heliography, a signalling system using impulsed reflecting surfaces. The inventor of the heliograph, a similar instrument specialized for signaling, was inspired by observing the use of heliotropes in the survey of India.".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) thumbnail Heliotrope2-2.jpg?width=300.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink gov.in.is.9898.1981.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink books?id=3SEJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA570&dq=heliotrope.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink books?id=Xv0IAAAAIAAJ.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink heliotrope.html.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink NOV_1969_PAGES_73_75.pdf.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink contrib-results.php?&contributor_id=56&compiled_name=Museum%20Boerhaave&submit=yes.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink TheAmericanSurveyor_BediniHeliotropes_November2004.pdf.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageExternalLink the_heliotrope1.htm.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageID "2104341".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageLength "6040".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageRevisionID "687317702".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Surveying_instruments.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink File:Heliotrope_Fig_1_Plate_XXXVIII_WBClark_1898.jpg.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink George_Everest.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Great_Trigonometrical_Survey.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Heliograph.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Helios.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink India.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Mathematics.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Mirror.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Mount_Saint_Helena.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Mount_Shasta.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Optical_aberration.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Sunlight.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Surveying.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Triangulation.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink Trope_(literature).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink File:Gauss_Heliotrope.jpg.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink File:Heliotrope2-2.jpg.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLink File:Heliotrope5.jpg.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heliotrope (instrument)".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heliotrope".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageWikiLinkText "heliotrope".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clear.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-el.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Other_uses.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) subject Category:Surveying_instruments.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) hypernym Instrument.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) type Agent.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) type Tool.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) comment "The heliotrope is an instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight over great distances to mark the positions of participants in a land survey. The heliotrope was invented in 1821 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. The word \"heliotrope\" is taken from the Greek: helios (Greek: Ἥλιος), meaning \"sun\", and tropos (Greek: τρόπος), meaning \"turn\".".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) label "Heliotrope (instrument)".
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Q1602577.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Heliotrop_(Messgerät).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Eliotropo_(strumento).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Heliotroop_(instrument).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Heliotrop_(przyrząd).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs m.06mdhd.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Heliotrop_(instrument).
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Helyotrop.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) sameAs Q1602577.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) wasDerivedFrom Heliotrope_(instrument)?oldid=687317702.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) depiction Heliotrope2-2.jpg.
- Heliotrope_(instrument) isPrimaryTopicOf Heliotrope_(instrument).