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- Latitude abstract "In geography, latitude (φ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth. Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definition of these coordinates. In the first step the physical surface is modelled by the geoid, a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses. The second step is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface. The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere, but the geoid is more accurately modelled by an ellipsoid. The definitions of latitude and longitude on such reference surfaces are detailed in the following sections. Lines of constant latitude and longitude together constitute a graticule on the reference surface. The latitude of a point on the actual surface is that of the corresponding point on the reference surface, the correspondence being along the normal to the reference surface which passes through the point on the physical surface. Latitude and longitude together with some specification of height constitute a geographic coordinate system as defined in the specification of the ISO 19111 standard.Since there are many different reference ellipsoids the latitude of a feature on the surface is not unique: this is stressed in the ISO standard which states that \"without the full specification of the coordinate reference system, coordinates (that is latitude and longitude) are ambiguous at best and meaningless at worst\". This is of great importance in accurate applications, such as GPS, but in common usage, where high accuracy is not required, the reference ellipsoid is not usually stated.In English texts the latitude angle, defined below, is usually denoted by the Greek lower-case letter phi (φ or ɸ). It is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds or decimal degrees, north or south of the equator. Measurement of latitude requires an understanding of the gravitational field of the Earth, either for setting up theodolites or for determination of GPS satellite orbits. The study of the figure of the Earth together with its gravitational field is the science of geodesy. These topics are not discussed in this article. (See for example the textbooks by Torge and Hofmann-Wellenhof and Moritz.)This article relates to coordinate systems for the Earth: it may be extended to cover the Moon, planets and other celestial objects by a simple change of nomenclature.The following lists are available: List of cities by latitude List of countries by latitude".
- Latitude thumbnail Division_of_the_Earth_into_Gauss-Krueger_zones_-_Globe.svg?width=300.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink nav.html.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink html.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink htdegrees.htm.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink latlon_find_location.html.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink DDDMMSS-decimal.html.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink latit0&english=1.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink greatcircle.shtml.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink www.thegpscoordinates.com.
- Latitude wikiPageExternalLink 16th_Century_Latitude_Survey.
- Latitude wikiPageID "17616".
- Latitude wikiPageLength "41680".
- Latitude wikiPageOutDegree "151".
- Latitude wikiPageRevisionID "707973508".
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Albers_projection.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Altitude.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Antarctic_Circle.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Arctic_Circle.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Astronomer.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Axial_tilt.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Bowditchs_American_Practical_Navigator.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Cardinal_direction.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Category:Articles_in_Wikipedia_Primary_School_Project_SSAJRP.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geodesy.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lines_of_latitude.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Category:Navigation.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Celestial_equator.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Celestial_sphere.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Centrifugal_force.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Conformal_map.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Declination.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Degree_(angle).
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Degree_Confluence_Project.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink ED50.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Earth_radius.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Ecliptic.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Ecliptic_coordinate_system.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Eiffel_Tower.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Ellipse.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Ellipsoid.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Equator.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Equatorial_coordinate_system.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Equirectangular_projection.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Figure_of_the_Earth.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Fixed-point_iteration.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Flattening.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geodesy.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geodetic_datum.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geographic_coordinate_system.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geographical_distance.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geographical_pole.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geography.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geoid.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Geotagging.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Global_Positioning_System.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Gravitational_acceleration.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Great-circle_distance.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Gudermannian_function.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Horse_latitudes.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Isaac_Newton.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Lagrange_reversion.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink List_of_cities_by_latitude.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink List_of_countries_by_latitude.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Longitude.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Map_projection.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Mercator_projection.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Meridian_(geography).
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Meridian_arc.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Minute_and_second_of_arc.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Natural_Area_Code.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Nautical_mile.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Navigation.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Newtons_method.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Normal_(geometry).
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink North_Pole.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Orders_of_magnitude_(length).
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Phi.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Philosophiæ_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Plumb_bob.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Prime_meridian.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Radius_of_curvature_(applications).
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Reference_ellipsoid.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Sea_level.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Sexagesimal.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Solstice.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink South_Pole.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Sphere.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Spherical_coordinate_system.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Sun.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Theodolite.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Transverse_Mercator_projection.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Tropic_of_Cancer.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Tropic_of_Capricorn.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Tropics.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Vertical_bar.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Vincentys_formulae.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Voiceless_bilabial_fricative.
- Latitude wikiPageWikiLink Wiktionary:authalic.