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- First_Jewish–Roman_War abstract "The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), sometimes called The Great Revolt (Hebrew: המרד הגדול, ha-Mered Ha-Gadol, Latin: Primum populi Romani bellum in Iudaeos), was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Judea Province (Iudaea) against the Roman Empire. The second was the Kitos War in 115–117, which took place mainly in the diaspora, and the third was Bar Kokhba's revolt of 132–135 CE.The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originating in the Roman and Jewish religious tensions. The crisis escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens. The Romans responded by plundering the Jewish Temple and executing up to 6,000 Jews in Jerusalem, prompting a full-scale rebellion. The Roman military garrison of Judaea was quickly overrun by rebels, while the pro-Roman king Agrippa II, together with Roman officials, fled Jerusalem. As it became clear the rebellion was getting out of control, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought in the Syrian army, based on Legion XII Fulminata and reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order and quell the revolt. Despite initial advances and conquest of Jaffa, the Syrian Legion was ambushed and defeated by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon with 6,000 Romans massacred and the Legion's aquila lost – a result that shocked the Roman leadership.Later, in Jerusalem, an attempt by Menahem ben Yehuda, leader of the Sicarii, to take control of the city failed. He was executed and the remaining Sicarii were ejected from the city. A charismatic, but radical peasant leader Simon bar Giora was also expelled by the new Judean government, and Ananus ben Ananus began reinforcing the city. Yosef ben Matityahu was appointed the rebel commander in the Galilee and Elazar ben Hananiya as the commander in Edom.The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was given the task of crushing the rebellion in Judaea province. His son Titus was appointed as second-in-command. Given four legions and assisted by forces of King Agrippa II, Vespasian invaded Galilee in 67. Avoiding a direct attack on the reinforced city of Jerusalem, which was defended by the main rebel force, the Romans launched a persistent campaign to eradicate rebel strongholds and punish the population. Within several months Vespasian and Titus took over the major Jewish strongholds of Galilee and finally overran Jodapatha, which was under the command of Yosef ben Matitiyahu, after a 47-day siege. Driven from Galilee, Zealot rebels and thousands of refugees arrived in Judea, creating political turmoil in Jerusalem. Confrontation between the mainly Sadducee Jerusalemites and the mainly Zealot factions of the Northern Revolt under the command of John of Giscala and Eleazar ben Simon, erupted into bloody violence. With Edomites entering the city and fighting by the side of the Zealots, Ananus ben Ananus was killed and his faction suffered severe casualties. Simon Bar Giora, commanding 15,000 troops, was then invited into Jerusalem by the Sadducee leaders to stand against the Zealots, and quickly took control over much of the city. Bitter infighting between factions of Bar-Giora, John and Eleazar followed through the year 69.After a lull in the military operations, owing to civil war and political turmoil in Rome, Vespasian was called to Rome and appointed as Emperor in 69. With Vespasian's departure, Titus moved to besiege the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in early 70. The first two walls of Jerusalem were breached within three weeks, but a stubborn rebel standoff prevented the Roman Army from breaking the third and thickest wall. Following a brutal seven-month siege, during which Zealot infighting resulted in burning of the entire food supplies of the city, the Romans finally succeeded in breaching the defenses of the weakened Jewish forces in the summer of 70. Following the fall of Jerusalem, Titus left for Rome, leaving Legion X Fretensis to defeat the remaining Jewish strongholds, finalizing the Roman campaign in Masada in 73–74.".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War causalties "20,000 soldiers killed".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Adiabenevolunteers".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Idumeans".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Pharisees".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Sadducees".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Sicarii".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "*Zealots".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "----".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "20pxJudean rebels:".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "20pxRoman Empire".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "Radical factions:".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War combatant "Supported by:".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Ananus_ben_Ananus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Eleazar_ben_Hanania.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Eleazar_ben_Simon.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Herod_Agrippa_II.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander John_of_Giscala.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Josephus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Lucilius_Bassus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Sicarii.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Simon_bar_Giora.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Titus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Vespasian.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War commander Yosef_ben_Gurion.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Jewish–Roman_wars.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War notes "According to Josephus, 1.1 millionnon-combatants died in Jerusalem, mainly as a result of the violence and famine. Many of the casualties were actually foreigners who had wanted to experience the festivities around Passover but instead got trapped in the chaotic siege.".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War notes "He also tells us that 97,000 were enslaved.".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War notes "Matthew White, The Great Big Book of Horrible Things (Norton, 2012) p.52, estimates the combined death tollfor the First and Third Roman Jewish Wars as being approximately 350,000".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War place Judea_(Roman_province).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War result "Roman victory, destruction of the Temple".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "10,000 under Ananus".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "15,000 under Bar-Giora".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "2,400 under Eleazar ben Simon".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "20,000 IdumeansSeveral hundred Sicarii".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "5 Legions (60,000–80,000) at Jerusalem siege".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "500Adiabenewarriors".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "6,000 under Yohanan of Gush Halav".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "Roman guard (3,000) in early stage".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War strength "Syrian Legion (30,000) in Beth Horon;".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War thumbnail Galilee_to_Judea.gif?width=300.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageID "429438".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageLength "41057".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageOutDegree "207".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageRevisionID "683547154".
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Acre,_Israel.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Adiabene.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Agrippa_II.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Alexandrian_riots_(38).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Ananus_ben_Ananus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Aquila_(Roman).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Arch_of_Titus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Aulus_Avilius_Flaccus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Bar_Kokhba_revolt.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Bar_Kokhbas_revolt.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(66).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Berenice_of_Cilicia.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Caesarea_Maritima.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Caligula.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:1st-century_Judaism.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:1st-century_conflicts.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:1st_century_in_the_Roman_Empire.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:60s_in_the_Roman_Empire.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:66_in_Asia.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:70s_in_the_Roman_Empire.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:73_in_Asia.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Flavian_military_campaigns.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Jewish–Roman_wars.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Judaea_(Roman_province).
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Julio-Claudian_dynasty.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Rebellions_in_Asia.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Category:Year_of_the_Four_Emperors.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Census_of_Quirinius.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Cestius_Gallus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Common_Era.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Council_of_Jamnia.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Crucified.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Crucifixion.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Dead_Sea.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Mediterranean.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Edom.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Edomites.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Eleazar_ben_Hanania.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Eleazar_ben_Simon.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Eleazar_ben_Yair.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Eliezar_ben_Hanania.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Enemy_of_the_people.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink First_Jewish_Revolt_coinage.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Flight_to_Pella.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Galba.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Galilee.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Gamaliel.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Gamla.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Genocide.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Gessius_Florus.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Hasmonean_dynasty.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Hellenization.
- First_Jewish–Roman_War wikiPageWikiLink Herod_Agrippa_II.