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- Thomas_Playford_IV abstract "Sir Thomas Playford GCMG (5 July 1896 – 16 June 1981) was a South Australian politician. He served continuously as Premier of South Australia and leader of the Liberal and Country League from 5 November 1938 to 10 March 1965. Though controversial, it was the longest term of any elected government leader in the history of Australia, or indeed of anywhere under the Westminster system. His tenure as premier was marked by a period of population and economic growth unmatched by any other Australian state. Playford took a unique, strong and direct approach to the premiership and personally oversaw his industrial initiatives. He was known for his parochial style in pushing South Australia's interests, and was known for his ability to secure a disproportionate share of federal funding for the state as well as his shameless haranguing of federal leaders. His string of election wins was enabled by a system of a malapportionment gerrymander that bore his name, the 'Playmander' − which saw the Australian Labor Party win clear majorities of the statewide two-party vote whilst failing to form government in 1944, 1953, 1962 and 1968.Born into an old political family, Playford was the fifth Thomas Playford and the fourth to have lived in South Australia; his grandfather Thomas Playford II had served as premier in the 19th century. He grew up on the family farm in Norton Summit before enlisting in the Australian Imperial Force in World War I, fighting in Gallipoli and Western Europe. After serving, he continued farming until his election as a Liberal and Country League (LCL) representative for Murray at the 1933 state election. In his early years in politics, Playford was an outspoken backbencher who often lambasted LCL colleagues and ministers and their policies, and had a maverick strategy, often defying party norms and advocating unadulterated laissez faire economics and opposing protectionism and government investment, in stark contrast to his later actions as premier. With the resignation of the LCL's leader, Richard Layton Butler, Playford ascended to the premiership in 1938, having been made a minister just months earlier in an attempt to dampen his insubordination. Playford inherited a minority government and many independents to deal with, and instability was expected; Playford was seen as a transitional leader. However, Playford dealt with the independents adroitly and went on to secure a one-seat majority at the next election.In office, Playford turned his back on laissez faire economics and used his negotiating skills to encourage industry to relocate to South Australia during World War II, as the state was far from the battlefield. He built upon this in the post-war boom years, particular in automotive manufacturing; although a liberal conservative, his approach to economics was pragmatic, and he was derided by his colleagues for his \"socialism\" as he nationalised electricity companies and used state enterprises to drive economic growth. Generally, Playford had more dissent from within his own party than the opposition centre-left Australian Labor Party; the main obstructions to his initiatives came from the upper house, where the restriction of suffrage to landowners resulted in a chamber dominated by the conservative landed gentry. The Labor leader Mick O'Halloran worked cooperatively with Playford and was known to be happy being out of power, quipping that Playford could better serve his left-wing constituents. Playford's policies allowed for the supply of cheap electricity to factories, minimal business taxes, and he kept wages low to make the state more attractive to industrial investment. Playford kept salaries low by using the South Australian Housing Trust to building vast amounts of public housing and using government price controls to keep housing and other costs of living low to attract workers and migrants, angering the landlord class. Implemented in the 1940s, these policies were seen as dangerous to Playford's control of his party, but they proved successful and he cemented his position within the LCL.During the 1950s, Playford and the LCL's share of the vote declined continually despite the economic growth, and they clung to power mainly due to the Playmander. Playford became less assured in parliament as Labor became more aggressive, their leading debater Don Dunstan combatively disrupting the previously collaborative style of politics, targeting the injustice of the Playmander in particular. Playford's successful economic policies had fuelled a rapid expansion of the middle-class, and they wanted more government attention to education, public healthcare, the arts, the environment and heritage protection. However, Playford was an unrelenting utilitarianist, and was unmoved by calls to broaden policy focus beyond economic development. This was exacerbated by Playford and his party's failure to adapt to changing social mores, remaining adamantly committed to restrictive laws on alcohol, gambling and police powers. A turning point in Playford's tenure was the Max Stuart case in the 1950s, when he came under heavy scrutiny for his hesitation to grant clemency to a murderer on death row amid claims of judicial wrongdoing. Although Playford eventually commuted the sentence under heavy criticism of the judicial review process, the controversy was seen as responsible for his government losing its assurance, and he eventually lost office in the 1965 election. He relinquished the LCL leadership to Steele Hall and retired at the next election, serving on various South Australian company boards until his death in 1981.".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsEndDate "1938-03-19".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsEndDate "1965-03-10".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsEndDate "1968-03-02".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsStartDate "1933-04-08".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsStartDate "1938-03-19".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsStartDate "1938-11-05".
- Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsStartDate "1965-03-10".
- Thomas_Playford_IV birthDate "1896-07-05".
- Thomas_Playford_IV birthPlace Norton_Summit,_South_Australia.
- Thomas_Playford_IV birthPlace South_Australia.
- Thomas_Playford_IV birthYear "1896".
- Thomas_Playford_IV deathDate "1981-06-16".
- Thomas_Playford_IV deathPlace Adelaide.
- Thomas_Playford_IV deathPlace South_Australia.
- Thomas_Playford_IV deathYear "1981".
- Thomas_Playford_IV governor Edric_Bastyan.
- Thomas_Playford_IV governor Malcolm_Barclay-Harvey.
- Thomas_Playford_IV governor Robert_George_(RAF_officer).
- Thomas_Playford_IV governor Willoughby_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie.
- Thomas_Playford_IV governor Winston_Dugan,_1st_Baron_Dugan_of_Victoria.
- Thomas_Playford_IV monarch Elizabeth_II.
- Thomas_Playford_IV monarch George_VI.
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "(Elections:1941,1944,1947,1950,1953,1956,1959,1962,1965)".
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "26thLeader of the Opposition (SA)".
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "33rdPremier of South Australia".
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "Member for Gumeracha".
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "Member for Murray".
- Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "Treasurer of South Australia".
- Thomas_Playford_IV party Liberal_and_Country_League.
- Thomas_Playford_IV profession Farmer.
- Thomas_Playford_IV religion Baptists.
- Thomas_Playford_IV successor Bryant_Giles.
- Thomas_Playford_IV successor Frank_Walsh.
- Thomas_Playford_IV successor Steele_Hall.
- Thomas_Playford_IV thumbnail Playford_portrait_38.jpg?width=300.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink 219383.
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- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:1896_births.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:1981_deaths.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:Australian_Army_officers.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:Australian_Freemasons.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:Australian_Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George.
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- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treasurers_of_South_Australia.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Chalice.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Chancellor_(education).
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Hawker.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Kingston.
- Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageWikiLink Christmas.