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- Geology_of_Surrey abstract "Geology of Surrey. Towards the beginning of the Cretaceous age (146–66 million years ago) Surrey alternated between a fresh-to-brackish water embayment depositing Hastings Beds and Weald Clay, comprising shales and mudstones that are often finely banded. Offshore muds (now shales and mudstones) of the Atherfield Clay were deposited followed by shallow marine sands of the Hythe, Sandgate and Folkestone Beds. Where not eroded to lower heights, there is then a marine layer of the sands of the Hythe Beds topped by chert seen on today's remaining Greensand Hills. Instead of the mudstone and sandstone-producing three beds mentioned before Hythe Beds, west of Dorking the marine Bargate Beds made of calcareous (chalk and limestone-rich) sandstone were deposited. The Folkestone Beds contain phosphatic and iron-rich nodules, which locally yield a rich fossil fauna of marine shells.Then under even deeper seas, Gault Clay and the Upper Greensand were deposited. The Gault Clay contains phosphate-rich nodules in discrete bands and has a rich marine fauna with abundant ammonites, bivalves and gastropods. The Upper Greensand comprises a variety of sediments with fine silts at the base giving way upwards into sandstones.90 million years ago the North Downs hard chalk was deposited, a white limestone which is over 95% calcium carbonate. It contains thin beds of marl and nodules of flint, either scattered or in bands. The North Downs extending from Farnham to Dover, Kent are formed by this chalk. They now have an often white, almost vertical south-facing slope.Just before the paleogene, which included the mass-extinction event of the non-avian dinosaurs, sea levels dropped, exposing Sussex and Kent, and the marine Upnor Beds were deposited in Surrey. In the paleogene, Southern England rose slightly, and the seas retreated, and the reddish and mottled clays of the Reading Beds were deposited by a large river sand delta system. Later, a rise in sea level, around 50 million years ago, caused widespread deposition, until 2 million years ago, of the London Clay across the County. The London Clay is a bluish-grey marine clay with isolated pockets of fossils especially where chalkier. The youngest part of the London Clay is known as the Claygate Beds and occurs widely in Surrey. This even sandier material represents a transition between the deeper water London Clay and the succeeding shallower water, possibly estuarine, Bagshot Sand.Major climate changes in Britain causing sea level changes in the last 2.58 million years, with mini Ice Ages, the ice sheets did not extend to Surrey but sand and gravel deposits swept towards the fledgling River Thames were spread in all lower parts. Gravel terraces at various heights on the valley sides are the remnants of successive floodplains, the highest terrace being the oldest and the lowest the youngest. The most prominent terraces mark the former levels of the Thames in north Surrey. Along tributary slopes, a deposit, head, forms the main sediment of latest age. Head comprises angular pieces of rock and soil derived locally from the extensive frost-shattering of rocks and the subsequent movement of this material down valley slopes. Large areas of clay-with-flints, derived from the weathering of material overlying the present day chalk, occur across the North Downs. One particular suite of sediments that occur in the Guildford vale is known as the Headley Formation and comprises gravel and sand on top of the chalk. These sediments contain marine fossils and were probably derived from erosion of the Greensand and Tertiary rocks during the paleogene.The above describes the various many types of the sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous and Tertiary age in their more modern nomenclature that cover the whole county, and in terms of a still visible structure, makes up the Wealden anticline that covers most of the county.".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageID "49188184".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageLength "8793".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageOutDegree "106".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageRevisionID "701468711".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Addlestone.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Alkalinity.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Ammonoidea.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Ashford,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Bagshot.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Banstead.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Bivalvia.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Borough_of_Runnymede.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Box_Hill,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Brook,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Brookwood,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Buckland,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_carbonate.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Camberley.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geology_of_England.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Chalk.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Charles_James_Fox.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Chipstead,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Chobham.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Chobham_Common.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Churt.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Claygate.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Cretaceous.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Croydon.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Deepcut.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Dinosaur.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Dippenhall.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Dorking.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Dover.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink East_Grinstead.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Esher.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Ewell.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Farnham.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Farnham_Castle.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Felbridge.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Fen.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Flint.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Floodplain.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Fossil.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Frimley.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Gastropoda.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Gault.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Godstone.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Greensand.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Greensand_Ridge.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Guildford.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Hampton_Court_Palace.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Hastings_Beds.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Knaphill.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Leatherhead.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Lightwater.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Limestone.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Little_Bookham.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Loam.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Lower_Greensand_Group.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Marl.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Nodule_(geology).
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink North_Downs.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Ottershaw.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Oxshott.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Paleogene.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Peat.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Pine.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Pinophyta.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Pirbright.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Pleistocene.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Polesden_Lacey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Puttenham,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Quaternary_glaciation.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink River_Thames.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Runfold.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Sandstone.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Seale,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Sedimentary_rock.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Silt.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Tadworth.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Tandridge_District.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Tatsfield.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Tertiary.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Thames_Ditton.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Thorpe,_Surrey.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Thursley.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Vale_of_Holmesdale.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Virginia_Water.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Weald.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Weald_Clay.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Wentworth_Estate.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Weybridge.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Wisley.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Woking.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLink Worplesdon.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageWikiLinkText "Surrey".
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Convert.
- Geology_of_Surrey wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Geology_of_Surrey subject Category:Geology_of_England.