Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { ?s ?p "The No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2007 (NOPEC) was a U.S. Congressional bill, also known as H.R. 2264 and, in 2008, as part of H.R. 6074. NOPEC was designed to remove the sovereign immunity shield and to allow the international oil cartel, OPEC, and its national oil companies to be sued under U.S. law for anti-competitive attempts to limit the world's supply of petroleum and the consequent impact on oil prices. The NOPEC Act was initially sponsored and introduced by Representative John Conyers, D-MI in May 2007 and as H.R. 6074 by Representative Steve Kagan, D-WI. In the U.S. House of Representatives, the 2007 bill had 12, bipartisan co-sponsors, which included Rep. Dennis J. Kucinich. HR 2264 also had strong bipartisan support in the U.S. Senate. Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt. said: \"It is long past time for this to become law.\" HR 2264 was passed by the House of Representatives in May 2007, as stand-alone bill by a vote of 345-72. That same month, it also passed the Senate by a vote of 70-23 as part of its energy measure. As part of the Gas Price Relief Act, NOPEC (H.R. 6074) was then passed, in the House of Representatives, in May 2008, by a vote of 324-84. President G. W. Bush, reiterated his previous promise to veto the bill. Under a continued veto threat, a team of senators reintroduced the bill just a week before President Bush left office. However, NOPEC/H. R. 6074 did not then come to a final Senate vote and has not gone beyond its introduction subsequently.NOPEC has been the Congressional effort to address the issue that, under federal law, foreign governments cannot be sued for predatory pricing or failing to comply with federal antitrust laws. Thus, the purpose of the bill was to extend similar Sherman Antitrust consumer protection, so as to include protection against collusion and predatory pricing by foreign governments and international cartels, such as OPEC.As written and passed, H. R. 2264 states the following:\"Amends the Sherman Act to declare it to be illegal and a violation of the Act for any foreign state or instrumentality thereof to act collectively or in combination with any other foreign state or any other person, whether by cartel or any other association or form of cooperation or joint action, to limit the production or distribution of oil, natural gas, or any other petroleum product (petroleum), to set or maintain the price of petroleum, or to otherwise take any action in restraint of trade for petroleum, when such action has a direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect on the market, supply, price, or distribution of petroleum in the United States.\"It also summarizes enforcement parameters as follows:\"Denies a foreign state engaged in such conduct sovereign immunity from the jurisdiction or judgements of U.S. courts in any action brought to enforce this Act. States that no U.S. court shall decline, based on the act of state doctrine, to make a determination on the merits in an action brought under this Act. Authorizes the Attorney General to bring an action in U.S. district court to enforce this Act. Makes an exception to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state in an action brought under this Act.\""@en }
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- No_Oil_Producing_and_Exporting_Cartels_Act abstract "The No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2007 (NOPEC) was a U.S. Congressional bill, also known as H.R. 2264 and, in 2008, as part of H.R. 6074. NOPEC was designed to remove the sovereign immunity shield and to allow the international oil cartel, OPEC, and its national oil companies to be sued under U.S. law for anti-competitive attempts to limit the world's supply of petroleum and the consequent impact on oil prices. The NOPEC Act was initially sponsored and introduced by Representative John Conyers, D-MI in May 2007 and as H.R. 6074 by Representative Steve Kagan, D-WI. In the U.S. House of Representatives, the 2007 bill had 12, bipartisan co-sponsors, which included Rep. Dennis J. Kucinich. HR 2264 also had strong bipartisan support in the U.S. Senate. Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt. said: \"It is long past time for this to become law.\" HR 2264 was passed by the House of Representatives in May 2007, as stand-alone bill by a vote of 345-72. That same month, it also passed the Senate by a vote of 70-23 as part of its energy measure. As part of the Gas Price Relief Act, NOPEC (H.R. 6074) was then passed, in the House of Representatives, in May 2008, by a vote of 324-84. President G. W. Bush, reiterated his previous promise to veto the bill. Under a continued veto threat, a team of senators reintroduced the bill just a week before President Bush left office. However, NOPEC/H. R. 6074 did not then come to a final Senate vote and has not gone beyond its introduction subsequently.NOPEC has been the Congressional effort to address the issue that, under federal law, foreign governments cannot be sued for predatory pricing or failing to comply with federal antitrust laws. Thus, the purpose of the bill was to extend similar Sherman Antitrust consumer protection, so as to include protection against collusion and predatory pricing by foreign governments and international cartels, such as OPEC.As written and passed, H. R. 2264 states the following:\"Amends the Sherman Act to declare it to be illegal and a violation of the Act for any foreign state or instrumentality thereof to act collectively or in combination with any other foreign state or any other person, whether by cartel or any other association or form of cooperation or joint action, to limit the production or distribution of oil, natural gas, or any other petroleum product (petroleum), to set or maintain the price of petroleum, or to otherwise take any action in restraint of trade for petroleum, when such action has a direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect on the market, supply, price, or distribution of petroleum in the United States.\"It also summarizes enforcement parameters as follows:\"Denies a foreign state engaged in such conduct sovereign immunity from the jurisdiction or judgements of U.S. courts in any action brought to enforce this Act. States that no U.S. court shall decline, based on the act of state doctrine, to make a determination on the merits in an action brought under this Act. Authorizes the Attorney General to bring an action in U.S. district court to enforce this Act. Makes an exception to the jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state in an action brought under this Act.\"".