Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { ?s ?p "Ie (家, lit. \"house\") were pre-modern Japanese trading houses and precursors to the modern zaibatsu and keiretsu. They first emerged in the mid-18th century, and shared many features with the Western concept of cottage industry. The ie operated on a system very similar to what economists today call the \"Putting-Out system\" or \"workshop system.\" City-based merchants would provide rural producers with raw materials and equipment, and would then sell the final product in the cities. This level of organization to production, with one trading house (in effect, one company) controlling production, transportation, and sales, was unprecedented in Japan, and can easily been seen as the forerunner to the factory system, economic and industrial modernization, and the rise of the zaibatsu (Japanese monopolies). One of the key differences, organizationally, however, between the ie and the zaibatsu which would come later is that the ie always focused on producing and selling only one or two types of goods; so-called \"horizontal zaibatsu\" would seek to deal in many unrelated types of goods. For example, today, Mitsubishi is both an automobile company and a bank. Two of the ie, originally founded by merchants in the early 17th century, survive today as Mitsui and Sumitomo, both major modern Japanese corporations."@en }
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- Ie_(trading_houses) abstract "Ie (家, lit. \"house\") were pre-modern Japanese trading houses and precursors to the modern zaibatsu and keiretsu. They first emerged in the mid-18th century, and shared many features with the Western concept of cottage industry. The ie operated on a system very similar to what economists today call the \"Putting-Out system\" or \"workshop system.\" City-based merchants would provide rural producers with raw materials and equipment, and would then sell the final product in the cities. This level of organization to production, with one trading house (in effect, one company) controlling production, transportation, and sales, was unprecedented in Japan, and can easily been seen as the forerunner to the factory system, economic and industrial modernization, and the rise of the zaibatsu (Japanese monopolies). One of the key differences, organizationally, however, between the ie and the zaibatsu which would come later is that the ie always focused on producing and selling only one or two types of goods; so-called \"horizontal zaibatsu\" would seek to deal in many unrelated types of goods. For example, today, Mitsubishi is both an automobile company and a bank. Two of the ie, originally founded by merchants in the early 17th century, survive today as Mitsui and Sumitomo, both major modern Japanese corporations.".