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- Nine_Years'_War abstract "The Nine Years' War (1688–97) – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th century fought between King Louis XIV of France, and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch Stadtholder-King William III, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, King Charles II of Spain, Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, and the major and minor princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Nine Years' War was fought primarily on mainland Europe and its surrounding waters, but it also encompassed a theatre in Ireland and in Scotland, where William III and James II struggled for control of the British Isles, and a campaign between French and English settlers and their respective Indian allies in colonial North America.Louis XIV had emerged from the Franco-Dutch War in 1678 as the most powerful monarch in Europe; yet the 'Sun King' remained unsatisfied. Using a combination of aggression, annexation, and quasi-legal means, Louis XIV immediately set about extending his gains to stabilise and strengthen France's frontiers, culminating in the brief War of the Reunions (1683–84). The resulting Truce of Ratisbon guaranteed France's new borders for twenty years, but Louis XIV's subsequent actions – notably his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 – led to the deterioration of his military and political dominance. Louis XIV's decision to cross the Rhine in September 1688 was designed to extend his influence and pressure the Holy Roman Empire into accepting his territorial and dynastic claims. But when Leopold I and the German princes resolved to resist, and when the States General and William III brought the Dutch and the English into the war against France, the French King at last faced a powerful coalition aimed at curtailing his ambitions.The main fighting took place around France's borders: in the Spanish Netherlands; the Rhineland; Duchy of Savoy; and Catalonia. The fighting generally favoured Louis XIV's armies, but by 1696 his country was in the grip of an economic crisis. The Maritime Powers (England and the Dutch Republic) were also financially exhausted, and when Savoy defected from the Alliance all parties were keen for a negotiated settlement. By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) Louis XIV retained the whole of Alsace, but he was forced to return Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine. Louis XIV also accepted William III as the rightful King of England, while the Dutch acquired their Barrier fortress system in the Spanish Netherlands to help secure their own borders. However, with the ailing and childless Charles II of Spain approaching his end, a new conflict over the inheritance of the Spanish Empire would soon embroil Louis XIV and the Grand Alliance in a final war – the War of the Spanish Succession.".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "22pxSpanish Empire".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "22pxSwedish Empire(until 1691)".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "Grand Alliance:".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "Jacobites".
- Nine_Years'_War commander Anne_Jules_de_Noailles.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Antoine_Nompar_de_Caumont.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Carlos_de_Aragón_de_Gurrea,_9th_Duke_of_Villahermosa.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Francisco_Antonio_de_Agurto,_Marquis_of_Gastañaga.
- Nine_Years'_War commander François-Henri_de_Montmorency,_duc_de_Luxembourg.
- Nine_Years'_War commander François_de_Neufville,_duc_de_Villeroy.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Frederick_I_of_Prussia.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Frederick_Schomberg,_1st_Duke_of_Schomberg.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Godert_de_Ginkell,_1st_Earl_of_Athlone.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Guy_Aldonce_de_Durfort_de_Lorges.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Jacques_Henri_de_Durfort_de_Duras.
- Nine_Years'_War commander James_II_of_England.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Louis_François,_duc_de_Boufflers.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Louis_Joseph,_Duke_of_Vendôme.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Louis_William,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Louis_XIV_of_France.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Mary_II_of_England.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Nicolas_Catinat.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Richard_Talbot,_1st_Earl_of_Tyrconnell.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Sébastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban.
- Nine_Years'_War commander Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia.
- Nine_Years'_War commander William_III_of_England.
- Nine_Years'_War place Asia.
- Nine_Years'_War place Europe.
- Nine_Years'_War place Ireland.
- Nine_Years'_War place North_America.
- Nine_Years'_War place Scotland.
- Nine_Years'_War place South_America.
- Nine_Years'_War result "Louis XIVrecognisesWilliam III of Orangeas King of England, Scotland and Ireland.".
- Nine_Years'_War result "Treaty of Ryswick".
- Nine_Years'_War territory Alsace.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Breisach.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Catalonia.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Freiburg_im_Breisgau.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Kortrijk.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Luxembourg.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Nova_Scotia.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Pagoda_(coin).
- Nine_Years'_War territory Philippsburg.
- Nine_Years'_War territory Pondicherry_district.
- Nine_Years'_War thumbnail Siege_of_Namur_(1692).JPG?width=300.
- Nine_Years'_War wikiPageID "224589".
- Nine_Years'_War wikiPageRevisionID "645022384".
- Nine_Years'_War caption "Siege of Namur, June 1692 by Jean-Baptiste Martin".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "22".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "Grand Alliance:".
- Nine_Years'_War combatant "Jacobites".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Boufflers".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Duras".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Lauzun".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Lorge".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Luxembourg".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Noailles".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Vendôme".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duc de Villeroi".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duke of Lorraine".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duke of Savoy".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Duke of Villahermosa".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Earl of Tyrconnell".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Elector of Bavaria".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Elector of Brandenburg".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Eugene of Savoy".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Frederick Schomberg".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Godert de Ginkell".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "James VII and II".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Leopold I".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Louis XIV".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Margrave of Baden".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Marquis de Vauban".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Marquis of Gastañaga".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Mary II".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Nicolas Catinat".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "Prince Waldeck".
- Nine_Years'_War commander "William III/II".
- Nine_Years'_War conflict "Nine Years' War".
- Nine_Years'_War date "September 1688 – September 1697".
- Nine_Years'_War hasPhotoCollection Nine_Years'_War.
- Nine_Years'_War place Asia.
- Nine_Years'_War place Europe.
- Nine_Years'_War place Ireland.
- Nine_Years'_War place North_America.
- Nine_Years'_War place Scotland.
- Nine_Years'_War place South_America.
- Nine_Years'_War result Treaty_of_Ryswick.
- Nine_Years'_War result "Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.".
- Nine_Years'_War territory "France retains Alsace and surrenders Freiburg, Breisach and Philippsburg to the Holy Roman Empire, regains Pondichéry and Nova Scotia, Spain recovered Catalonia from France, and the barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg and Kortrijk. The Duchy of Lorraine was restored to Leopold Joseph from France. Spain cedes Haiti to France.".
- Nine_Years'_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Nine_Years'_War subject Category:1688_in_Europe.
- Nine_Years'_War subject Category:1689_in_Europe.
- Nine_Years'_War subject Category:1690_in_Europe.