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- Catherine_de'_Medici abstract "Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici pronounced [kateˈriːna de ˈmɛːditʃi]; French Catherine de Médicis pronounced: [katʁin də medisis], 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was an Italian noblewoman who was Queen of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II. As the mother of three sons who became kings of France during her lifetime she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France. For a time she ruled France as its regent.In 1533, at the age of fourteen, Caterina married Henry, second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France. Under the gallicised version of her name, Catherine de Médicis, she was Queen consort of France as the wife of King Henry II of France from 1547 to 1559. Throughout his reign, Henry excluded Catherine from participating in state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him. Henry's death thrust Catherine into the political arena as mother of the frail fifteen-year-old King Francis II. When he died in 1560, she became regent on behalf of her ten-year-old son King Charles IX and was granted sweeping powers. After Charles died in 1574, Catherine played a key role in the reign of her third son, Henry III. He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life.Catherine's three sons reigned in an age of almost constant civil and religious war in France. The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting. At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known. She failed, however, to grasp the theological issues that drove their movement. Later, she resorted in frustration and anger to hard-line policies against them. In return, she came to be blamed for the excessive persecutions carried out under her sons' rule, in particular for the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572, in which thousands of Huguenots were killed in Paris and throughout France.Some historians have excused Catherine from blame for the worst decisions of the crown, though evidence for her ruthlessness can be found in her letters. In practice, her authority was always limited by the effects of the civil wars. Her policies, therefore, may be seen as desperate measures to keep the Valois monarchy on the throne at all costs, and her patronage of the arts as an attempt to glorify a monarchy whose prestige was in steep decline. Without Catherine, it is unlikely that her sons would have remained in power. The years in which they reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici". According to one of her biographers Mark Strage, Catherine was the most powerful woman in sixteenth-century Europe.".
- Catherine_de'_Medici activeYearsEndYear "1547".
- Catherine_de'_Medici activeYearsStartYear "1547".
- Catherine_de'_Medici alias "Médicis, Catherine de (French); Medici, Caterina de' (Italian)".
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthDate "1519-04-13".
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthPlace Florence.
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthPlace Republic_of_Florence.
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthYear "1519".
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathDate "1589-01-05".
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace Blois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace Château_de_Blois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathYear "1589".
- Catherine_de'_Medici lccnId "n/50/72220".
- Catherine_de'_Medici parent Lorenzo_de'_Medici,_Duke_of_Urbino.
- Catherine_de'_Medici parent Madeleine_de_La_Tour_d'Auvergne.
- Catherine_de'_Medici restingPlace Blois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici spouse Henry_II_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici thumbnail Catherine-de-medici.jpg?width=300.
- Catherine_de'_Medici viafId "22213267".
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- Catherine_de'_Medici wikiPageID "44154".
- Catherine_de'_Medici wikiPageRevisionID "645115650".
- Catherine_de'_Medici after Charles_III,_Duke_of_Lorraine.
- Catherine_de'_Medici alternativeNames "Médicis, Catherine de ; Medici, Caterina de'".
- Catherine_de'_Medici before Anne_de_La_Tour_d'Auvergne.
- Catherine_de'_Medici before Eleanor_of_Austria.
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthDate "1519-04-13".
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthPlace Florence.
- Catherine_de'_Medici birthPlace Republic_of_Florence.
- Catherine_de'_Medici caption "Catherine de' Medici, attributed to François Clouet, c. 1555".
- Catherine_de'_Medici coronation "1549-06-10".
- Catherine_de'_Medici dateOfBirth "1519-04-13".
- Catherine_de'_Medici dateOfDeath "1589-01-05".
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathDate "1589-01-05".
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici deathPlace France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici father Lorenzo_de'_Medici,_Duke_of_Urbino.
- Catherine_de'_Medici fullName "Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici".
- Catherine_de'_Medici hasPhotoCollection Catherine_de'_Medici.
- Catherine_de'_Medici house House_of_Medici.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Charles_IX_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Claude_of_France_(1547-1575).
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Elisabeth_of_Valois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Francis_II_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Henry_III_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Joan_of_France_(1556).
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Louis_of_Valois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Margaret_of_France_(1553%E2%80%931615).
- Catherine_de'_Medici issue Victoria_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici lccn "n/50/72220".
- Catherine_de'_Medici mother Madeleine_de_La_Tour_d'Auvergne.
- Catherine_de'_Medici name "Catherine de' Medici".
- Catherine_de'_Medici name "Medici, Catherine de'".
- Catherine_de'_Medici placeOfBirth "Florence, Italy".
- Catherine_de'_Medici placeOfBurial "Saint-Sauveur, Blois. Reburied at Saint-Denis in 1610.".
- Catherine_de'_Medici placeOfDeath "Château de Blois, Blois, France".
- Catherine_de'_Medici reign "--03-31".
- Catherine_de'_Medici religion Catholic_Church.
- Catherine_de'_Medici rows "1".
- Catherine_de'_Medici shortDescription "Queen".
- Catherine_de'_Medici spouse Henry_II_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici succession List_of_French_consorts.
- Catherine_de'_Medici title List_of_French_consorts.
- Catherine_de'_Medici title List_of_rulers_of_Auvergne.
- Catherine_de'_Medici viaf "22213267".
- Catherine_de'_Medici wordnet_type synset-sovereign-noun-1.
- Catherine_de'_Medici years "--01-05".
- Catherine_de'_Medici years "--03-31".
- Catherine_de'_Medici description "Queen".
- Catherine_de'_Medici description "Queen".
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:1519_births.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:1589_deaths.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Anti-Protestantism.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Catherine_de'_Medici.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Counts_of_Dreux.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Dauphines_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Dauphines_of_Viennois.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Duchesses_of_Brittany.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Duchesses_of_Orl%C3%A9ans.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Female_regents.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:French_Roman_Catholics.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:French_Suo_jure_nobility.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:French_duchesses.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:French_people_of_the_French_Wars_of_Religion.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:French_queens_consort.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:Henry_II_of_France.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:House_of_Medici.
- Catherine_de'_Medici subject Category:House_of_Valois.