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- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) abstract "The African-American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the South.The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to these situations that highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans. Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–56) in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins (1960) in North Carolina; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) in Alabama; and a wide range of other nonviolent activities.Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights; the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, that dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional European groups; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing. African Americans re-entered politics in the South, and across the country young people were inspired to take action.A wave of inner city riots in black communities from 1964 through 1970 undercut support from the white community. The emergence of the Black Power Movement, which lasted from about 1966 to 1975, challenged the established black leadership for its cooperative attitude and its nonviolence, and instead demanded political and economic self-sufficiency.While most popular representations of the movement are centered around the leadership and philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr., many scholars note that the movement was far too diverse to be credited to one person, organization, or strategy. Sociologist Doug McAdam has stated that, "in King’s case, it would be inaccurate to say that he was the leader of the modern civil rights movement...but more importantly, there was no singular civil rights movement. The movement was, in fact, a coalition of thousands of local efforts nationwide, spanning several decades, hundreds of discrete groups, and all manner of strategies and tactics—legal, illegal, institutional, non-institutional, violent, non-violent. Without discounting King’s importance, it would be sheer fiction to call him the leader of what was fundamentally an amorphous, fluid, dispersed movement."".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) thumbnail Rustin_Young_Ryan_Farmer_Lewis.jpg?width=300.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) wikiPageID "49001".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) wikiPageRevisionID "606749598".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) caption "Five leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. From left: Bayard Rustin, Andrew Young, , James Farmer, and John Lewis in 1965.".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) date "1954".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) description "--08-06".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) description "--08-28".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) description "30.0".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) description "James Brown's "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" from Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) description "audio only".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filename "I Have A Dream sample.ogg".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filename "I've Been To The Mountaintop.ogg".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filename "Remarks on the Signing of the Voting Rights Act Lyndon Baines Johnson.ogg".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filename "Remarks on the Signing of the Voting Rights Act Lyndon Baines Johnson.ogv".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filename "Say It Loud sample.ogg".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) filetype Ogg.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) format Ogg.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) goals "End of racial segregation".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Dwight_D._Eisenhower.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Ella_Baker.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures George_Wallace.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures James_L._Farmer,_Jr..
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures John_F._Kennedy.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures John_Lewis_(U.S._politician).
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Lyndon_B._Johnson.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Malcolm_X.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Martin_Luther_King,_Jr..
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures Rosa_Parks.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) leadfigures "others".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) methods Civil_disobedience.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) methods Civil_resistance.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) place "United States, especially the South".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) pos "right".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) result Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) result Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) side "African-Americans *NAACP *SCLC *CORE *SNCC *Nation of Islam *Black nationalists".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) side "United States federal government".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) side "White supremacists *White Citizens' Council *Ku Klux Klan".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) title ""I Have a Dream"".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) title ""I've Been to the Mountaintop"".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) title ""Remarks on the Signing of the Voting Rights Act"".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) title ""Say It Loud — I'm Black and I'm Proud"".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) title "African-American Civil Rights Movement".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:1950s_in_the_United_States.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:1960s_in_the_United_States.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Civil_rights_era_African-American_history.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Civil_rights_movement_during_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_Administration.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Civil_rights_movements.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Community_organizing.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Counterculture_of_the_1960s.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Defunct_American_political_movements.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:History_of_civil_rights_in_the_United_States.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Nonviolent_resistance_movements.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) subject Category:Politics_of_the_Southern_United_States.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) comment "The African-American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the South.The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance.".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–68)".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "Mouvement afro-américain des droits civiques".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "Movimento dos direitos civis dos negros nos Estados Unidos".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "Movimiento por los derechos civiles en Estados Unidos".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "Движение за гражданские права чернокожих в США".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "حركة الحقوق المدنية".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "アフリカ系アメリカ人公民権運動".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) label "非裔美國人民權運動".
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954%E2%80%9368).
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Afroamerické_hnutí_za_občanská_práva.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Movimiento_por_los_derechos_civiles_en_Estados_Unidos.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Afroamerikarren_eskubide_zibilen_aldeko_mugimendua_(1955-1968).
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Mouvement_afro-américain_des_droits_civiques.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Gerakan_Hak-Hak_Sipil_Afrika-Amerika_(1955-1968).
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs アフリカ系アメリカ人公民権運動.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs 아프리카계_미국인_민권_운동.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Movimento_dos_direitos_civis_dos_negros_nos_Estados_Unidos.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Q48537.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) sameAs Q48537.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) wasDerivedFrom African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68)?oldid=606749598.
- African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68) depiction Rustin_Young_Ryan_Farmer_Lewis.jpg.